Medical Dosimetry
Volume 31, Issue 2 , Pages 91-112 , Summer 2006

Overview of image-guided radiation therapy

,Accepted 21 December 2005.

References 

  1. IMRT Collaborative Working Group . Intensity-modulated radiotherapy (Current status and issues of interest) . Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys . 2001;51:880–914
  2. AAPM IMRT Sub-Committee . Guidance document on delivery, treatment planning, and clinical implementation of IMRT (Report of the IMRT Subcommittee of the AAPM Radiation Therapy Committee) . Med. Phys . 2003;30:2089–2115
  3. Galvin JM , Ezzell G , Eisbrauch A , et al.   Implementing IMRT in clinical practice (A joint document of the American Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology and the American Association of Physicists in Medicine) . Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. . 2004;58:1616–1634
  4. Hamilton RJ , Sweeney PJ , Pelizzari CA , et al.   Functional imaging in treatment planning of brain lesions . Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. . 1997;37:181–188
  5. Sawada A , Yoda K , Kokubo M , et al.   A technique for noninvasive respiratory gated radiation treatment system based on a real time 3D ultrasound image correlation (A phantom study) . Med. Phys. . 2004;31:245–250
  6. Yu Y , Anderson LL , Li Z , et al.   Permanent prostate seed implant brachytherapy (Report of the American Association of Physicists in Medicine Task Group No. 64) . Med. Phys. . 1999;26:2054–2076
  7. Pirzkall A , McKnight TR , Graves EE , et al.   MR-spectroscopy guided target delineation for high-grade gliomas . Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. . 2001;50:915–928
  8. Kurhanewicz J , Hricak H , Sokolov DL , et al.   Prostate cancer (Localization with three-dimensional proton MR spectroscopic imaging—clinicopathologic study) . Radiology . 1998;206:785–790
  9. DiBiase SJ , Hosseinzadeh K , Gullapalli RP , et al.   Magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging-guided brachytherapy for localized prostate cancer . Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. . 2002;52:429–438
  10. Kim DH , Margolis D , Xing L , et al.   In vivo prostate magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging using two-dimensional J-resolved PRESS at 3 T . Magn. Reson. Med. . 2005;53:1177–1182
  11. Zaider M , Zelefsky MJ , Lee EK , et al.   Treatment planning for prostate implants using magnetic-resonance spectroscopy imaging . Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. . 2000;47:1085–1096
  12. Hunjan S , Gibbs I , Spielman DM , et al.   Validating magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging for radiation therapy guidance . Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. . 2003;57:1159–1173
  13. Townsend DW , Carney JP , Yap JT , et al.   PET/CT doday and tomorrow . J. Nucl. Med. . 2004;45:4S–14S
  14. Czernin J , Schelbert H . PET/CT imaging, facts, options, hopes, and questions . J. Nucl. Med. . 2004;45:1S–3S
  15. Hicks RJ , Kalff V , MacManus MP , et al.   (18)F-FDG PET provides high-impact and powerful prognostic stratification in staging newly diagnosed non-small cell lung cancer . J. Nucl. Med. . 2001;42:1596–1604
  16. Mac Manus MP , Hicks RJ , Ball DL , et al.   F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography staging in radical radiotherapy candidates with nonsmall cell lung carcinoma (Powerful correlation with survival and high impact on treatment) . Cancer . 2001;92:886–895
  17. Bradley JD , Dehdashti F , Mintun MA , et al.   Positron emission tomography in limited-stage small-cell lung cancer (A prospective study) . J. Clin. Oncol. . 2004;22:3248–3254
  18. Howard A , Mehta MP , Ritter MA , et al.   The value of PET/CT in gross tumor volume delineation in lung and esophagus cancer . Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. . 2004;60:S536–S537
  19. Hofer C , Laubenbacher C , Block T , et al.   Fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose PET is useless for the detection of local recurrence after radical prostatectomy . Eur. Urol. . 1999;36:31–35
  20. Liu IJ , Zafar MB , Lai YH , et al.   Fluorodeoxyglucose PET studies in diagnosis and staging of clinically organ-confined prostate cancer . Urology . 2001;57:108–111
  21. Gambhir SS , Srinivasan A , Banerjee PK , et al.   PET in oncology (Will it replace the other modalities?) . J. Nucl. Med. . 1998;39:729–734
  22. Gambhir SS . Molecular imaging of cancer with PET . Nat. Rev. Cancer . 2002;2:683–693
  23. Schèoder H , Larson SM . Positron emission tomography for prostate, bladder, and renal cancer . Semin. Nucl. Med. . 2004;34:274–292
  24. Buck AK , Halter G , Schirrmeister H , et al.   Imaging proliferation in lung tumors with PET (18F-FLT versus 18F-FDG) . J. Nucl. Med. . 2003;44:1426–1431
  25. Shields AF , Grierson JR , Dohmen BM , et al.   Imaging proliferation in vivo with [F-18]FLT and positron emission tomography . Nat. Med. . 1998;4:1334–1336
  26. Buck AK , Schirrmeister H , Hetzel M , et al.   3-deoxy-3-[(18)F]fluorothymidine-PET for noninvasive assessment of proliferation in pulmonary nodules . Cancer Res. . 2002;62:3331–3334
  27. Smyczek-Gargya, B.; Fersis, N.; Dittmann, H.; et al. PET with [18F]fluorothymidine for imaging of primary breast cancer: A pilot study. Eur. J. Nucl. Med. Mol. Imag. 31:720–724.
  28. Shreve PD , Gross MD . Imaging of the pancreas and related diseases with PET carbon-11-acetate . J. Nucl. Med. . 1997;38:1305–1310
  29. Seltzer MA , Jahan SA , Sparks R , et al.   Radiation dose estimates in humans for (11)C-acetate whole-body PET . J. Nucl. Med. . 2004;45:1233–1236
  30. Jager PL , Que TH , Vaalburg W , et al.   Carbon-11 choline or FDG-PET for staging of oesophageal cancer? . Eur. J. Nucl. Med. . 2001;28:1845–1849
  31. Ishiwata K , Kasahara C , Hatano K , et al.   Carbon-11 labeled ethionine and propionine as tumor detecting agents . Ann. Nucl. Med. . 1997;1:115–122
  32. Iozzo P , Osman S , Glaser M , et al.   In vivo imaging of insulin receptors by PET (Preclinical evaluation of iodine-125 and iodine-124 labelled human insulin) . Nucl. Med. Biol. . 2002;29:73–82
  33. Herlin G , Persson B , Bergstrèom M , et al.   11C-harmine as a potential PET tracer for ductal pancreas cancer (In vitro studies) . Eur Radiol. . 2003;13: 729–3
  34. Brown WD , Oakes TR , DeJesus OT , et al.   Fluorine-18-fluoro-L-DOPA dosimetry with carbidopa pretreatment . J. Nucl. Med. . 1998;39:1884–1891
  35. Blankenberg FG , Strauss HW . Nuclear medicine applications in molecular imaging . J. Magn. Res. Imaging . 2002;16:352–361
  36. Oyama N , Akino H , Kanamaru H , et al.   11C-acetate PET imaging of prostate cancer . J. Nucl. Med. . 2002;43:181–186
  37. Kotzerke J , Volkmer BG , Glatting G , et al.   Intraindividual comparison of [11C]acetate and [11C]choline PET for detection of metastases of prostate cancer . Nuklearmedizin . 2003;42:25–30
  38. Mathews D , Oz OK . PET in prostate and renal cell carcinoma . Curr. Opin. Urol. . 2002;12:381–385
  39. DeGrado TR , Baldwin SW , Wang S , et al.   Synthesis and evaluation of (18)F-labeled choline analogs as oncologic PET tracers . J. Nucl. Med. . 2001;42:1805–1814
  40. Hara T , Kosaka N , Kishi H . Development of (18)F-fluoroethylcholine for cancer imaging with PET (Synthesis, biochemistry, and prostate cancer imaging) . J. Nucl. Med. . 2002;43:187–199
  41. Hara T , Kosaka N , Kishi H . PET imaging of prostate cancer using carbon-11-choline . J. Nucl. Med. . 1998;39:990–995
  42. Sutinen E , Nurmi M , Roivainen A , et al.   Kinetics of [(11)C]choline uptake in prostate cancer (A PET study) . Eur. J. Nucl. Med. Mol. Imaging . 2004;31:317–324
  43. Chen X , Park R , Hou Y , et al.   MicroPET and autoradiographic imaging of GRP receptor expression with 64Cu-DOTA-[Lys3]bombesin in human prostate adenocarcinoma xenografts . J. Nucl. Med. . 2004;45:1390–1397
  44. Rasey JS , Koh WJ , Evans ML , et al.   Quantifying regional hypoxia in human tumors with positron emission tomography of [18F]fluoromisonidazole (A pretherapy study of 37 patients) . Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. . 1996;36:417–428
  45. O’Donoghue JA , Zanzonico P , Pugachev A , et al.   Assessment of regional tumor hypoxia using 18F-fluoromisonidazole and 64Cu(II)-diacetyl-bis(N4-methylthiosemicarbazone) positron emission tomography (Comparative study featuring microPET imaging, Po2 probe measurement, autoradiography, and fluorescent microscopy in the R3327-AT and FaDu rat tumor models) . Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. . 2005;61:1493–1502
  46. Piert M , Machulla HJ , Picchio M , et al.   Hypoxia-specific tumor imaging with 18F-fluoroazomycin arabinoside . J. Nucl. Med. . 2005;46:106–113
  47. Chao KS , Mutic S , Gerber RL , et al.   A novel approach to overcome hypoxic tumor resistance (Cu-ATSM-guided intensity-modulated radiation therapy) . Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. . 2001;49:1171–1182
  48. de Jong IJ , Pruim J , Elsinga PH , et al.   11C-choline positron emission tomography for the evaluation after treatment of localized prostate cancer . Eur. Urol. . 2003;44:327–328 discussion 38–9
  49. Ling CC , Humm J , Larson S , et al.   Towards multidimensional radiotherapy (MD-CRT) (Biological imaging and biological conformality) . Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. . 2000;47:551–560
  50. Brahme A . Individualizing cancer treatment (Biological optimization models in treatment planning and delivery) . Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. . 2001;49:327–337
  51. Xing L , Cotrutz C , Hunjan S , et al.   Inverse planning for functional image-guided IMRT . Phys. Med. Biol. . 2002;47:3567–3578
  52. Alber M , Paulsen F , Eschman SM , et al.   On biologically conformal boost dose optimization . Phys. Med. Biol. . 2003;48:N31–N35
  53. Yang Y , Xing L . Towards biologically conformal radiation therapy (BCRT) (Selective IMRT dose escalation under the guidance of spatial biology distribution) . Med. Phys. . 2005;32:1473–1484
  54. Seppenwoolde Y , Shirato H , Kitamura K , et al.   Precise and real-time measurement of 3D tumor motion in lung due to breathing and heartbeat, measured during radiotherapy . Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. . 2002;53:822
  55. Shirato H , Seppenwoolde Y , Kitamura K , et al.   Intrafractional tumor motion (Lung and liver) . Semin. Radiat. Oncol. . 2004;14:10–18
  56. Shimizu S , Shirato H , Ogura S , et al.   Detection of lung tumor movement in real-time tumor-tracking radiotherapy . Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. . 2001;51:304–310
  57. Xu Q , Hamilton R . Novel respiratory gating method based on automated analysis of ultrasonic diaphragm motion . Med. Phys. . 2005;32:2124
  58. Huang MH , Lin YS , Lee CL , et al.   Use of ultrasound to increase effectiveness of isokinetic exercise for knee osteoarthritis . Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil. . 2005;86:1545–1551
  59. Seiler PG , Blattmann H , Kirsch S , et al.   A novel tracking technique for the continuous precise measurement of tumour positions in conformal radiotherapy . Phys. Med. Biol. . 2000;45:N103–N110
  60. Balter JM , Wright JN , Newell LJ , et al.   Accuracy of a wireless localization system for radiotherapy . Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. . 2005;61:933–937
  61. Nehmeh SA , Erdi YE , Pan T , et al.   Four-dimensional (4D) PET/CT imaging of the thorax . Med. Phys. . 2004;31:3179
  62. Thorndyke B , Schreibmann E , Maxim P , et al.   Enhancing 4D PET through retrospective stacking . 2005; Presented at 2005 Annual Meeting of American Association of Physicists in Medicine, Seattle, WA
  63. Thorndyke B , Schreibmann E , Xing L . Reducing motion artifacts in PET through retrospective stacking . Med. Phys. . 2006;33: In press.
  64. Vedam SS , Keall PJ , Kini VR , et al.   Acquiring a four-dimensional computed tomography dataset using an external respiratory signal . Phys. Med. Biol. . 2003;48:45
  65. Keall PJ , Starkschall G , Shukla H , et al.   Acquiring 4D thoracic CT scans using a multislice helical method . Phys. Med. Biol. . 2004;49:2053–2067
  66. Low. D.A.; Nystrom, M.; Kalinin, E.; et al. A method for the reconstruction of four-dimensional synchronized CT scans acquired during free breathing. Med. Phys.
  67. Rietzel E , Pan T , Chen GTY . Four-dimensional computed tomography (Image formation and clinical protocol) . Med. Phys. . 2005;32:874
  68. Li, T.; schreibmann, E.; Thorndyke, B.; et al. Radiation dose reduction in 4D CT. Med. Phys. In press.
  69. Kubo HD , Len PM , Minohara S , et al.   Breathing-synchronized radiotherapy program at the University of California Davis Cancer Center . Med. Phys. . 2000;27:346
  70. Rueckert D , Sonoda LI , Hayes C , et al.   Nonrigid registration using free-form deformations (Application to breast MR images) . IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging . 1999;18:712–721
  71. Pan T , Lee T-Y , Rietzel E , et al.   4D-CT imaging of a volume influenced by respiratory motion on multi-slice CT . Med. Phys. . 2004;31:333
  72. Kini VR , Vedam SS , Keall PJ , et al.   Patient training in respiratory-gated radiotherapy . Med. Dosim. . 2003;28:7
  73. Wong JW , Sharpe MB , Jaffray DA , et al.   The use of active breathing control (ABC) to reduce margin for breathing motion . Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. . 1999;44:911
  74. Frazier RC , Vicini FA , Sharpe MB , et al.   Impact of breathing motion on whole breast radiotherapy (A dosimetric analysis using active breathing control) . Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. . 2004;58:1041–1047
  75. Dawson LA , Brock KK , Kazanjian S , et al.   The reproducibility of organ position using active breathing control (ABC) during liver radiotherapy . Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. . 2001;51:1410–1421
  76. Starkschall G , Himanshu S , Keall PJ , et al.   Displacement-based binning of 4-D CT image data sets . In: XIVth International Conference on the Use of Computers in Radiation Therapy . 2004;p. 53
  77. Thorndyke B , Schreibmann E , Li T , et al.   A comparison of amplitude- and phase-based 4D CT . Med. Phys. . 2005;32:1919
  78. Lu W , Parikh P , Bradley J , et al.   A comparison between amplitude sorting and phase sorting using external respiratory measurements for 4D CT . Med. Phys. . 2005;32:2094
  79. Schreibmann E , Chen GTY , Xing L . Image interpolation in 4D CT using a BSpline deformable registration model . Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys . 2006; In press.
  80. Schweikard A , Shiomi H , Fisseler J , et al.   Fiducial-less respiration tracking in radiosurgery . LNCS . 2004;3217:992–999
  81. Vedam SS , Kini VR , Keall PJ , et al.   Quantifying the predictability of diaphragm motion during respiration with a noninvasive external marker . Med. Phys. . 2003;30:505
  82. Ford EC , Mageras GS , Yorke E , et al.   Evaluation of respiratory movement during gated radiotherapy using film and electronic portal imaging . Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. . 2002;52:522
  83. Yorke E , Rosenzweig KE , Wagman R , et al.   Interfractional anatomic variation in patients treated with respiration-gated radiotherapy . J. Appl. Clin. Med. Phys. . 2005;6:19
  84. Klein GJ , Reutter BW , Ho MH , et al.   Real-time system for respiratory-cardiac gating in positron tomography . IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. . 1998;45:2139
  85. Nehmeh SA , Erdi YE , Ling CC , et al.   Effect of respiratory gating on quantifying PET images of lung cancer . J. Nucl. Med. . 2002;43:876–881
  86. Nehmeh SA , Erdi YE , Rosenzweig KE , et al.   Reduction of respiratory motion artifacts in PET imaging of lung cancer by respiratory correlated dynamic PET (Methodology and comparison with respiratory gated PET) . J. Nucl. Med. . 2003;44:1644
  87. Cherry SR , Dahlborn M . Physics, Instrumentation and Scanners, PET (Molecular Imaging and its Biological Applications) . New York: Springer-Verlag; 2004;
  88. Sarikaya I , Yeung HW , Erdi Y , et al.   Respiratory artefact causing malpositioning of liver dome lesion in right lower lung . Clin. Nucl. Med. . 2003;28:943
  89. Erdi YE , Nehmeh SA , Pan T , et al.   The CT motion quantitation of lung lesions and its impact on PET-measured SUVs . J. Nucl. Med. . 2004;45:1287
  90. Pevsner A , Nehmeh SA , Humm JL , et al.   Effect of motion on tracer activity determination in CT attenuation corrected PET images (A lung phantom study) . Med. Phys. . 2005;32:2358
  91. Nehmeh SA , Erdi YE , Pan T , et al.   Quantitation of respiratory motion during 4D-PET/CT acquisition . Med. Phys. . 2004;31:1333–1338
  92. Mattes D , Haynor RD , Vesselle H , et al.   PET-CT image registration in the chest using free-form deformations . IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging . 2003;22:120–128
  93. Schreibmann E , Xing L . Narrow band deformable registration of prostate MRI/MRSI and CT studies . Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. . 2005;62:595–605
  94. Li, T.; Thorndyke, B.; Schreibmann, E.; et al. Model-based image reconstruction for four-dimensional PET. Med. Phys. Submitted.
  95. Trofimov A , Rietzel E , Lu HM , et al.   Temporo-spatial IMRT optimization (Concepts, implementation and initial results) . Phys. Med. Biol. . 2005;50:2779–2798
  96. Armbruster B , Yang Y , Schreibmann E , et al.   Inverse planning for time-resolved aperture modulated radiation therapy . 2005; Annual ASTRO Meeting, Denver, CO
  97. Bortfeld T , Jiang SB , Rietzel E . Effects of motion on the total dose distribution . Semin. Radiat. Oncol. . 2004;14:41–51
  98. Jiang SB , Pope C , Al Jarrah KM , et al.   An experimental investigation on intra-fractional organ motion effects in lung IMRT treatments . Phys. Med. Biol. . 2003;48:1773–1784
  99. Rietzel E , Chen GT , Choi NC , et al.   4D image-based treatment planning (Target volume segmentation and dose calculation in the presence of respiratory motion) . Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. . 2005;61:1535
  100. Keall PJ , Joshi S , Vedam SS , et al.   Four-dimensional radiotherapy planning for DMLC-based respiratory motion tracking . Med. Phys. . 2005;32:942–951
  101. Webb S . The effect on IMRT conformality of elastic tissue movement and a practical suggestion for movement compensation via the modified dynamic multileaf collimator technique . Phys. Med. Biol. . 2005;50:1163–1190
  102. Yang Y , Xing L . Clinical knowledge-based inverse treatment planning . Phys. Med. Biol. . 2004;49:5101–5117
  103. Yang Y , Xing L . Inverse treatment planning with adaptively evolving voxel-dependent penalty scheme . Med. Phys. . 2004;31:2839–2844
  104. Wu Q , Mohan R , Niemierko A , et al.   Optimization of intensity-modulated radiotherapy plans based on the equivalent uniform dose . Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. . 2002;52:224–235
  105. Olivera GH , Shepard DM , Reckwerdt PJ , et al.   Maximum likelihood as a common computational framework in tomotherapy . Phys. Med. Biol. . 1998;43:3277–3294
  106. Lee EK , Gallagher RJ , Silvern D , et al.   Treatment planning for brachytherapy (An integer programming model, two computational approaches and experiments with permanent prostate implant planning) . Phys. Med. Biol. . 1999;44:145–165
  107. Shepard DM , Earl MA , Li XA , et al.   Direct aperture optimization (A turnkey solution for step-and-shoot IMRT) . Med. Phys. . 2002;29:1007–1018
  108. Bednarz G , Michalski D , Houser C , et al.   The use of mixed-integer programming for inverse treatment planning with pre-defined field segments . Phys. Med. Biol. . 2002;47:2235–2245
  109. Cotrutz C , Xing L . Segment-based dose optimization using a genetic algorithm . Phys. Med. Biol. . 2003;48:2987–2998
  110. Murphy MJ , Adler  , Bodduluri M , et al.   Image-guided radiosurgery for the spine and pancreas . J.R. Comput. Aided Surg. . 2000;5:278–288
  111. Murphy MJ . Tracking moving organs in real time . Semin. Radiat. Oncol. . 2004;14:91–100
  112. Sharp GC , Jiang SB , Shimizu S , et al.   Prediction of respiratory tumour motion for real-time image-guided radiotherapy . Phys. Med. Biol. . 2004;49:425–440
  113. Berbeco RI , Neicu T , Rietzel E , et al.   A technique for respiratory-gated radiotherapy treatment verification with an EPID in cine mode . Phys. Med. Biol. . 2005;50:3669–3679
  114. Herman MG , Balter JM , Jaffray DA , et al.   Clinical use of electronic portal imaging (Report of AAPM Radiation Therapy Committee Task Group 58) . Med. Phys. . 2001;28:712–737
  115. Yang Y , Xing L . Quantitative measurement of MLC leaf displacements using an electronic portal image device . Phys. Med. Biol. . 2004;49:1521–1533
  116. Yan D , Wong J , Vicini F , et al.   Adaptive modification of treatment planning to minimize the deleterious effects of treatment setup errors . Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. . 1997;38:197–206
  117. Court LE , Dong L , Taylor N , et al.   Evaluation of a contour-alignment technique for CT-guided prostate radiotherapy (An intra- and interobserver study) . Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. . 2004;59:412–418
  118. Orton NP , Tome WA . The impact of daily shifts on prostate IMRT dose distributions . Med. Phys. . 2004;31:2845–2848
  119. Fuss M , Salter BJ , Cavanaugh SX , et al.   Daily ultrasound-based image-guided targeting for radiotherapy of upper abdominal malignancies . Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. . 2004;59:1245–1256
  120. Saw CB , Ayyangar KM , Zhen W , et al.   Clinical implementation of intensity-modulated radiation therapy . Med. Dosim. . 2002;27:161–169
  121. Schweikard A , Glosser G , Bodduluri M , et al.   Robotic motion compensation for respiratory movement during radiosurgery . Comput. Aided Surg. . 2000;5:263–277
  122. Mackie TR , Balog J , Ruchala K , et al.   Tomotherapy . Semin. Radiat. Oncol. . 1999;9:108–117
  123. Meeks S , Harmon JJ , Langen K , et al.   Performance characterization of megavoltage computed tomography imaging on a helical tomotherapy unit . Med. Phys. . 2005;32:2673–2681
  124. Jaffray DA , Siewerdsen JH , Wong JW , et al.   Flat-panel cone-beam computed tomography for image-guided radiation therapy . Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. . 2002;53:1337–1349
  125. Pouliot J , Bani-Hashemi A , Chen J , et al.   Low-dose megavoltage cone-beam CT for radiation therapy . Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. . 2005;61:552–560
  126. Oldham M , Letourneau D , Watt L , et al.   Cone-beam-CT guided radiation therapy (A model for on-line application) . Radiother. Oncol . 2005;75:271–278
  127. Li T , Yang Y , Schreibmann E , et al.   A new cone-beam CT reposition technique through deformable registration . 2005; Annual Meeting of American Association of Physicists in Medicine, Seattle, WA
  128. Mohan R , Zhang X , Wang H , et al.   Use of deformed intensity distributions for on-line modification of image-guided IMRT to account for interfractional anatomic changes . Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. . 2005;61:1258–1266
  129. Yang Y , Li T , Schreibmann E , et al.   Is cone beam CT suitable for dose verification? . 2005; Annual Meeting of American Association of Physicists in Medicine, Seattle, WA
  130. Yang Y , Schreibmann E , Xing L , et al.   Dosimetric evaluation of kV cone-beam CT (CBCT)-based dose calculation . Phys. Med. Biol . 2006; Submitted.
  131. Wang G , Vannier MW . Preliminary study on helical CT algorithms for patient motion estimation and compensation . IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging . 1995;14:205–211
  132. Willis NP , Bresler Y . Optimal scan for time-varying tomography. I: Theoretical analysis and fundamental limitations . IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging . 1995;14:642–653
  133. Atalar E , Onural L . A respiratory motion artifact reduction method in magnetic resonance imaging of the chest . IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging . 1991;10:11–24
  134. Crawford C , King KF , Ritchie CJ , et al.   Respiratory compensation in projection imaging using a magnification and displacement model . IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging . 1996;15:327–332
  135. Li T , Schreibmann E , Yang Y , Xing L . Respiratory motion correction with deformation field for improved on-board imaging with cone-beam CT . Phys. Med. Biol. . 2006;51:253–267
  136. Sonke JJ , Zijp L , Remeijer P , et al.   Respiratory correlated cone beam CT . Med. Phys. . 2005;32:1176–1186
  137. Li T , Xing L , Munro P , et al.   4D cone beam CT using an on-board imager . Med. Phys . 2006; Submitted.
  138. Zeng R , Fessler JA , Balter JM . Respiratory motion estimation from slowly rotating x-ray projections (Theory and simulation) . Med.Phys. . 2005;32:984–991
  139. Court LE , Dong L . Automatic registration of the prostate for computed-tomography-guided radiotherapy . Med. Phys. . 2003;30:2750–2757
  140. Bharath A , Hirose M , Hata N , et al.   Evaluation of three-dimensional finite element-based deformable registration of pre- and intraoperative prostate imaging . Med. Phys. . 2001;28:2551–2560
  141. Brock KK , McShan DL , Balter JM . A comparison of computer-controlled versus manual on-line patient setup adjustment . J. Appl. Clin. Med. Phys. . 2002;3:241–247
  142. Bookstein FL . Thin plate splines and the decomposition of deformations . IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. . 1989;11:567–585
  143. Lian J , Xing L , Hunjan S , et al.   Mapping of the prostate in endorectal coil-based MRI/MRSI and CT (A deformable registration and validation study) . Med. Phys. . 2004;31:3087–3094
  144. Guerrero T , Zhang G , Huang TC , et al.   Intrathoracic tumour motion estimation from CT imaging using the 3D optical flow method . Phys. Med. Biol. . 2004;49:4147–4161
  145. Mageras GS , Pevsner A , Yorke ED , et al.   Measurement of lung tumor motion using respiration-correlated CT . Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. . 2004;60:933–941
  146. Schwartz DL , Ford EC , Rajendran J , et al.   FDG-PET/CT-guided intensity modulated head and neck radiotherapy (A pilot investigation) . Head Neck . 2005;27:478–487
  147. Fei B , Wheaton A , Lee Z , et al.   Automatic MR volume registration and its evaluation for the pelvis and prostate . Phys. Med. Biol. . 2002;2002:823–838
  148. Coselmon MM , Balter JM , McShan DL , et al.   Mutual information based CT registration of the lung at exhale and inhale breathing states using thin-plate splines . Med. Phys. . 2004;31:2942–2948
  149. Schreibmann, E.; Xing, L. Image registration with auto-mapped control volumes. Med. Phys. Submitted.
  150. Koong AC , Le QT , Ho A , et al.   Phase I study of stereotactic radiosurgery in patients with locally advanced pancreatic cancer . Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. . 2004;58:1017–1021
  151. Loo B , Thorndyke B , Maxim P , et al.   Determining margin for target deformation and rotation in respiratory motion-tracked stereotactic radiosurgery of pancreatic cancer . 2005; Annual ASTRO Meeting, Denver, CO
  152. Koong, A.C.; Le, Q.T.; Ho, A.; et al. Phase II study of stereotactic radiosurgery in patients with locally advanced pancreatic cancer. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. In press.

PII: S0958-3947(05)00192-5

doi: 10.1016/j.meddos.2005.12.004

Medical Dosimetry
Volume 31, Issue 2 , Pages 91-112 , Summer 2006