Medical Dosimetry
Volume 32, Issue 4 , Pages 263-270 , Winter 2007

Dosimetric Comparison Between 2-Dimensional Radiation Therapy and Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy in Treatment of Advanced T-Stage Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: To Treat Less or More in the Planning Organ-At-Risk Volume of the Brainstem and Spinal Cord

  • Ricky M.C. Chau, M.Sc.

      Affiliations

    • Department of Clinical Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
    • Corresponding Author InformationReprint requests to: Ricky M.C. Chau, M.Sc., Prince of Wales Hospital, Department of Clinical Oncology, Shatin, NT.
  • ,
  • Peter M.L. Teo, M.D.

      Affiliations

    • Department of Clinical Oncology, Sanatorium Hospital, Hong Kong, China
  • ,
  • Michael K.M. Kam, F.R.C.R.

      Affiliations

    • Department of Clinical Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
  • ,
  • S.F. Leung, M.D.

      Affiliations

    • Department of Clinical Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
  • ,
  • K.Y. Cheung, Ph.D.

      Affiliations

    • Department of Clinical Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
  • ,
  • Anthony T.C. Chan, M.D.

      Affiliations

    • Department of Clinical Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China

Received 28 November 2006 ,Accepted 9 February 2007.

References 

  1. Ho JHC. Nasopharynx. In:  Halnan KE editors. Treatment of Cancer. London: Chapman and Hall; 1982;p. 24–68
  2. Ho J. An epidemiological and clinical study of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 1978;4:183–205
  3. Teo PM, Tsao SY, Shiu W, et al. A clinical study of 407 cases of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in Hong Kong. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 1989;17:515–530
  4. Lee AW, Poon Y, Foo W, et al. Retrospective analysis of 5037 patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma treated during 1976–1985: Overall survival and patterns of failure. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 1992;23:261–270
  5. Teo PML, Yu P, Lee WY, et al. Significant prognosticators after primary radiotherapy in 903 nondisseminated nasopharyngeal carcinoma evaluated by computer tomography. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 1996;36:291–304
  6. Lee AWM, Sze WM, Joseph SK, et al. Treatment results for nasopharyngeal carcinoma in the modern era: The Hong Kong Experience. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 2005;61:1107–1116
  7. Kam MKM, Chau RMC, Suen J, et al. Intensity-modulated radiotherapy in nasopharyngeal carcinoma: Dosimetric advantage over conventional plans and feasibility of dose escalation. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 2003;56:145–157
  8. Hunt MA, Zelefsky M, Wolden S, et al. Treatment planning and delivery of intensity-modulated radiation therapy for primary nasopharynx cancer. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 2001;49:623–632
  9. Zhou J, Fei D, Wu Q. Potential of intensity-modulated radiotherapy to escalate doses to head-and-neck cancers: What is the maximal dose?. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 2003;57:673–682
  10. Sultanem K, Shu HK, Xia P, et al. Three-dimensional intensity-modulated radiotherapy in the treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma: The University of California-San Francisco experience. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 2000;48:711–722
  11. ICRU Report 62 (Prescribing, Recording, and Reporting Photon Beam Therapy). Supplement to ICRU Report 50. Bethesda: ICRU; 1999;
  12. Cheng JC, Low D. Comparison of intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) treatment techniques for nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Int. J. Cancer. 2001;96:126–131
  13. Lee N, Xia P, Quivery JM, et al. Intensity-modulated radiotherapy in the treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma: An update of the UCSF experience. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 2002;53:12–22
  14. Xia P, Fu K, Wong GW, et al. Comparison of treatment plans involving intensity-modulated radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 2000;48:329–337
  15. Chao KS, Perez CA, Purdy JA. Intensity-modulated radiation therapy in head and neck cancers: The Mallinckrodt experience. Int. J. Cancer. 2000;90:92–103
  16. Chau RM, Teo PM, Choi PHK, et al. Three-dimensional dosimetric evaluation of a conventional radiotherapy technique for treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Radiother. Oncol. 2001;58:143–153
  17. International Union Against Cancer (UICC). TNM Classification of Malignant Tumours. 5th ed.. Geneva: UICC; 1997;
  18. Wong SM. The use of anchoring bite system in NPC treatment setup. J. H.K. Coll. Radiol. Suppl. 2003;6:127
  19. Niemierko A, Goitein M. Implementation of a model for estimating tumor control probability for an inhomogeneously irradiated tumor. Radiother. Oncol. 1993;29:140–147
  20. Webb S, Nahum AE. A model for calculating tumour control probability in radiotherapy including the effects of inhomogeneous distributions of dose and colongenic cell density. Phys. Med. Biol. 1993;38:653–666
  21. Burman C, Kutcher GJ, Emami B, et al. Fitting of normal tissue tolerance data to an analytic function. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 1991;21:123–135
  22. Lyman JT, Wolbarst AB. Optimization of radiation therapy, III: A method of assessing complication probability from dose-volume histograms. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 1987;13:103–109
  23. Sanchez-Nieto B, Nahum AE. The Delta Concept: A clinically useful measure of tumor control probabilty. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 1999;44:369–380
  24. Emami B, Lyman J, Brown A, et al. Tolerance of normal tissue to therapeutic radiation. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 1991;16:1623–1630
  25. Raaijmakers E, Engelen A. Is sensorineural hearing loss a possible side effect of nasopharyngeal and parotid irradiation? (A systematic review of the literature). Radiother. Oncol. 2002;65:1–7
  26. Honore HB, Moller K, Grau C. Sensori-neural hearing loss after radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma: Individualized risk-modulated radiotherapy versus conventional three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy for boost or salvage treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 2002;53:638–647
  27. Eisbruch A, Ten Haken R, Kim HM, et al. Dose, volume and function relationships in parotid salivary glands following conformal and intensity-modulated irradiation of head and neck cancer. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 1999;45:577–587
  28. Chao KS, Deasey J, Markman J, et al. A prospective study of salivary function sparing in patients with head-and-neck cancers receiving intensity-modulated or three-dimensional radiation therapy: Initial results. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 2001;49:907–915
  29. Kam MKM, Teo PML, Chau RMC, et al. Treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma with intensity-modulated radiotherapy: The Hong Kong Experience. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 2004;60:1440–1450
  30. Purdy J. Dose-volume specification: New challenges with intensity modulated radiation therapy. Semin. Radiat. Oncol. 2002;12:199–209

PII: S0958-3947(07)00048-9

doi: 10.1016/j.meddos.2007.02.006

Medical Dosimetry
Volume 32, Issue 4 , Pages 263-270 , Winter 2007