Medical Dosimetry
Volume 34, Issue 4 , Pages 311-316 , Winter 2009

The Effect of Oblique Electron Beams to the Surface Dose Under the Bolus

  • Bayram Demir, Ph.D.

      Affiliations

    • Istanbul University, Science Faculty, Department of Physics, Istanbul, Turkey
    • Corresponding Author InformationReprint requests to: Bayram Demir, Ph.D., Fen Fakültesi, Fizik Bölümü, Vezneciler, Istanbul, Turkey
    • ,
  • Murat Okutan, M.Sc.

      Affiliations

    • Istanbul University, Oncology Institute, Department of Medical Physics, Istanbul, Turkey
    • ,
  • Aydin Çakir, M.Sc.

      Affiliations

    • Istanbul University, Oncology Institute, Department of Medical Physics, Istanbul, Turkey
    • ,
  • Evren Göksel, M.Sc.

      Affiliations

    • Istanbul University, Oncology Institute, Department of Medical Physics, Istanbul, Turkey
    • ,
  • Hatice Bilge, Ph.D.

      Affiliations

    • Istanbul University, Oncology Institute, Department of Medical Physics, Istanbul, Turkey

Received 26 July 2008 ,Accepted 9 December 2008.

References 

  1. Tapley N. High-energy photon and electron beam. Cancer. 1977;39(Suppl 2):788–801
  2. Parida DK, Verma KK, Chander S, et al. Total skin electron irradiation therapy in mycosis fungoides using high-dose rate mode: A preliminary experience. Int. J. Dermatol. 2005;44:828–830
  3. Amin-Zimmerman F, Paris K, Minor GI. Postmastectomy chest wall radiation with electron-beam therapy: Outcomes and complications at the University of Louisville. Cancer J. 2005;11:204–208
  4. Hurkmans CW, Saarnak AE, Pieters BR. An improved technique for breast cancer irradiation including the locoregional lymph nodes. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 2000;47:1421–1429
  5. Yaparpalvi R, Fontenla DP, Beitler JJ. Improved dose homogeneity in scalp irradiation using a single set-up point and different energy electron beams. Br. J. Radiol. 2002;75:670–677
  6. Gunhan B, Kemikler G, Koca A. Determination of surface dose and the effect of bolus to surface dose in electron beams. Med. Dosim. 2003;28:193–198
  7. Galbraith DM, Rawlinson JA. Partial bolussing to improve the depth doses in the surface region of low energy electron beams. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 1984;10:313–317
  8. Chang F, Chang P, Benson K. Study of elasto-gel pads used as surface bolus material in high energy photon and electron therapy. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 1992;22:191–193
  9. Biggs PJ. The effect of beam angulation on central axis per cent depth dose for 4-29 MeV electrons. Phys. Med. Biol. 1984;29:1089–1096
  10. Ekstrand KE, Dixon RL. The problem of obliquely incident beams in electron-beam treatment planning. Med. Phys. 1982;9:276–278
  11. Khan FM, Deibel FC, Soleimani-Meigooni A. Obliquely correction for electron beams. Med. Phys. 1985;12:749–753
  12. Ostwald PM, Kron T. Surface dose measurements for highly oblique electron beams. Med. Phys. 1996;23:1413–1420
  13. Lin JP, Chu TC, Lin SY. Skin dose measurement by using ultra-thin TLDs. Appl. Radiat. Isot. 2001;55:383–391
  14. Sharma SC, Johnson MW. Surface dose perturbation due to air gap between patient and bolus for electron beams. Med. Phys. 1993;20:377–378
  15. Healy BJ, Padmanabhan P, Nitschke KN. Tin foil as bolus material for therapeutic electron beams from the Varian Clinac 2100C/D. Australas. Phys. Eng. Sci. Med. 2005;28:8–13
  16. Dubois D, Bice W, Bradford B, et al. Moldable tissue equivalent bolus for high-energy photon and electron therapy. Med. Phys. 1996;23:1547–1549
  17. ICRP60. 1990 Recommendation of the International Commission on Radiation Protection. Oxford: Pergamon; 1991;
  18. ICRU 39. Determination of dose equivalent resulting from external radiation sources. Bethesda: ICRU; 1985;
  19. Hopewell JW. Biological effects of irradiation on skin and recommended dose limits. Radiat. Prot. Dosim. 1991;39:11–24
  20. Devic S, Seuntjens J, Abdel-Rahman W, et al. Accurate skin dose measurements using radiochromic film in clinical applications. Med. Phys. 2006;33:1116–1124
  21. Cheung T, Butson MJ, Yu PK. Multilayer gafchromic film detectors for breast skin dose determination in vivo. Phys. Med. Biol. 2002;47:N31–N37
  22. Su FC, Liu Y, Stathakis S, et al. Dosimetry characteristics of GAFCHROMIC EBT film responding to therapeutic electron beams. Appl. Radiat. Isot. 2007;65:1187–1192
  23. Bufacchi A, Carosi A, Adorante N, et al. In vivo EBT radiochromic film dosimetry of electron beam for Total Skin Electron Therapy (TSET). Phys. Med. 2007;23:67–72
  24. Gamble LM, Farrell TJ, Jones GW, et al. Composite depth dose measurement for total skin electron (TSE) treatments using radiochromic film. Phys. Med. Biol. 2003;48:891–898
  25. Gamble LM, Farrell TJ, Jones GW, et al. Two-dimensional mapping of under dosed areas using radiochromic film for patients undergoing total skin electron beam radiotherapy. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 2005;62:920–924
  26. International Specialty Products. http://online1.ispcorp.com/_layouts/Gafchromic/index.htmlAccessed November 15, 2008

PII: S0958-3947(08)00174-X

doi: 10.1016/j.meddos.2008.12.001

Medical Dosimetry
Volume 34, Issue 4 , Pages 311-316 , Winter 2009

Article Tools

* Image Usage & Resolution